The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data has transformed the creation, use, and dissemination of knowledge and information, creating significant opportunities as well as challenges for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Traditional IPR frameworks, which were primarily designed to protect human-created works and inventions, are increasingly being tested by AI-generated content, machine learning systems, large-scale data processing, and automated innovation. This study examines the relationship between IPR and emerging AI and Big Data technologies, with particular focus on copyright, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and data protection. It explores key legal and ethical questions concerning ownership of AI-generated works, inventorship of AI-assisted inventions, the use of copyrighted materials for training AI models, and the protection and commercialisation of data. The study also analyses the difficulties faced by existing IPR regimes in balancing innovation, public access, privacy, and the rights of creators and technology developers. By examining emerging legal approaches and policy developments, the study aims to identify potential reforms that can make IPR frameworks more responsive to technological advancement while ensuring fair protection for human creativity and innovation. Ultimately, the study highlights the need for a balanced, flexible, and technology-neutral IPR framework capable of addressing the complexities of the AI and Big Data era.